高考英语专题复习---熟词生义、一词多义
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《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,没有词义,这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。
A
1. about (熟义:关于) prep.&adv.到处=(美)around 到处
We spent the whole afternoon walking about town.我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。
2. act (熟义:行动)vi.起作用
It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act.只需几分钟,药物就起作用了。
3. add (熟义:加)vt 接着说,又说
“They don't know.” he added.“他们不知道。”他接着又说。
4. address (熟义:地址,写地址) vt.
5. ① 称呼The president should be addressed as “Mr President.”总统应称为“总统先生”。
② 向……发表演说 He is going to address the meeting in a minute.他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。
6. admit (熟义:承认)vt.
7. ①允许进入The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house. 仆人打开门,请我进去。
②容纳 The theatre only admits 1,000 persons.这个剧场只能容纳一千人。
7. adapt (熟义:适应)vt.使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本)
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.
This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.
8. adopt (熟义:收养; 过继)vt.① 采纳;采取;采用
We adopt their teaching method. 我们采用了他们的教学方法
9.against (熟义:反对,违背) prep.衬着,迎着,靠着
The picture looks good against the white wall.这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看。
10.agree with (熟义:同意) 与……一致,协调,适合
Your story agrees with what I heard.你讲的与我所听到的一致。
Long plane trips don't agree with me.我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。
11.appeal (熟义: 恳求,呼吁)v (对某人)有吸引力,(使某人)感兴趣
The idea of camping has never appealed to me. 对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣.
12.appear (熟义:出现) vi 似乎
You appeared to have made a mistake. 你似乎犯了一个错误。
13.apply(熟义:申请) v.应用,运用; 适用
What I have said applies only to some of you. 我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.
14.arm (熟义:n.手臂)n.武器 v.武装
Lay down your arms or we'll fire!放下武器,否则,我们就开枪了!
Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous. 警察说该男子携有枪,十分危险。
15.ask (熟义:问)vt.要求
The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室.
16.attend (熟义:出席) vt.&vi.看护,治疗
Dr.Paria Lal attends him.Paria Lal医生在治疗他。
If you go out,who'll attend to the baby?如果你走了,谁来照看婴儿?
B
1.back (熟义:n.背) vt.支持
Many of his friends backed his plan.他的许多朋友支持他的计划。
2.badly (熟义:坏) adv.迫切, 很
English teachers are badly needed in our school. 我们学校极需要英语老师。
3.bear (熟义:熊) v.
① 支撑
The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄,承受不了你的重量。
② 负起(责任),肩负
He is a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly. 他是个满不在意不大负责的人。
③ 忍受,忍耐
The pain was almost more than he could stand. 这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。
4.beat (熟义:击打) v.
① (心脏) 跳动 He is alive---his heart is still beating. 他还活着---心脏还在跳动。
② 打败He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。
5.before (熟义:以前) conj.才;就
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.过了很久我才再睡着。
I hadn't waited long before he came.我没有等多久,他就来了。
6.block (熟义:大块) n. (四面临街) 建筑群,街区 v 阻碍;堵塞
He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街。
Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland. 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。
7.blow (熟义:吹,刮) n. 打击
His wife’s death was a great blow to him. 他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。
8.book (熟义:书) v. 预定,预购
I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert. 我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。
9.buy (熟义:购买) v. 相信
No one will buy that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口。
10.build (熟义:v.修建) n.身材,体型
The football player has a solid build.足球运动员体格健壮。
C
1.calm (熟义:冷静的,镇静的)adj. 无浪的,风平浪尽的
The sea is calm.
2.can (熟义:能) n.罐头vt.做成罐头
Mother cans fruit.妈妈把水果做成罐头。
3.capital (熟义:首都) n. 大写字母;资本
Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写。
Jack set up a business with a starting capital of $100,000. Jack的创业资本是$100,000。
4.carry (熟义:搬运,携带) v.持有,带有;刊登
Police in many countries carry guns. 许多国家的警察都带枪。
Today’s newspapers carry full reports of the president’s visit. 今天的报纸刊登了总统访问的详尽报道。
5.case (熟义:情况) n. 案例,病例; 箱子
The case will be heard in court next week. 这一案件下星期审理。
6.catch (熟义:抓) v. 明白;领会
Sorry, I didn’t quite catch what you said. 对不起,我没听清你的话。
8.cause (熟义:n.起因,v.引起) n.事业
The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace.联合国为世界和平事业做了许多贡献。
9.certain (熟义:相信) adj. 某个,某种
For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.因为某种原因,我不能出席这次会议。
10.change (熟义:变化) n. 零钱,找头
Have you got change for a five-pound note? 你有没有5英镑的零钱?
11.collect (熟义:收集) v. 取走,拿走
His job is to collect a child from school every day. 他的工作是每天从学校接回孩子。
12.company (熟义:公司)n.有人作伴;伙伴
You may know a man by the company he keeps.你可以从一个人所交的朋友了解他的为人。
13.condition (熟义:条件) n. 状况
He is in excellent condition for a man of his age. 他就其年龄而言,身体极好。
14.cost (熟义:花费;值……)vt.使失去(生命、健康等)
The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night.
病人的危险状态使医生、护士好几夜不曾合眼。
15.count [熟义:数(数目)] vi.重要;vt.认为
Every minute counts.每分每秒都重要。
On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.总的说来,她自认为还是一个幸运的人。
16.course (熟义:过程) n. 课程;航线;一道菜
I’d like to take a refresher course to improve my driving. 我想参加补习训练以提高自己的驾驶技术。
The plane was off the course.飞机偏离航向。
They were treated with a five-course dinner for lunch. 招待他们五道菜的正餐。
17.cover (熟义:覆盖) v.够付(费用);走完(一段路);涉及;报导
Here is £5;that should cover all your expenses.这儿有5英镑,应该够付你所有的开支。
By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落的时候,我们已走了三十英里。
He is carrying out a research that covers a wild field. 他正在进行涉及范围很广的研究工作。
He was sent to cover the event. 他被派去报道着事件。
18.cross (熟义:横跨) adj. 生气的,恼怒的
I was cross with him for being late. 他迟到了,我很生气。
D
1.date (熟义:日期;枣子) v. 追溯 ;约会
The ancient temple has a long history and can date back to the year 1890AD.
这古庙历史悠久,追溯到1890 AD
They have been dating for a long time. 他们一直频频约会
2.dear(熟义:亲爱的) 昂贵的
Clothes are getting dearer.衣服越来越贵了
3. degree (熟义:学位) n.程度
She has also been affected, but to a lesser degree. 她也受到波及,但程度较轻。
4.desert (熟义:沙漠) vt.离开,抛弃
We sheltered from the storm in a deserted garage. 我们在一间空无人住的茅屋里躲暴风雨。
5.develop (熟义:发展;开发) v. 冲洗
He took a film to be developed. 他将胶卷送去冲洗。
6.divide (熟义:分割开, 分成) v. 除
30 divided by 6 is 5. 30 除6等于5。
7.do (熟义:做,制作) v. 行, 适合
—Which do you prefer,coffee or tea?
—Either will do.It makes no difference for me. 随便,对我来说没什么区别。
8.draw (熟义:画) v. 吸引;获取,汲取
Ladies and gentlemen,may I draw your attention to me?女士们,先生们,注意了。
What conclusions did you draw from the study? 你从研究中得出什么结论?
9.drive (熟义:驾驶) v. 驱使
Do you have any idea what has driven him mad? 你知道什么使他发疯的吗?
10. due (熟义:由于) adj. 须立即支付,到期 ; 约定,预期
My rent isn’t due till Wednesday.我的租金星期三才到期。
The train is due to arrive in five minutes. 火车预定在5分钟后达到。
E
1.earth (熟义:地球) n. 泥土
He covered the roots of the plant with earth. 他用泥土把植物的根埋起来。
2.easy (熟义:容易的)adj.舒适的,安分的,轻松的
Now we are leading an easy life.现在我们过着舒适的生活。
3.edge (熟义:边缘) n. 刀口,锋
The boy is playing with a knife with a sharp edge. 这孩子正在玩一把锋利的刀。
4.employ (熟义:雇佣) v.利用,使用
You could employ your spare time better. 你可以把闲暇时间利用得好些。
5.energy (熟义:能量,能源) n. 精力,活力
His work seemed to lack energy. 他工作似乎缺乏干劲。
6.enjoy (熟义:喜欢) v. 享有
Men and women should enjoy equal rights. 男女应当享有平等权利。
7.escape (熟义:逃走)v.被忘记
His name escaped me for the moment.我一时想不起他的名字了。
8.even (熟义:甚至adv) adj.平坦的; 不相上下的,均衡的
A billiard-table must be perfectly even. 台球桌必须十分平。
That is an even game. 那是平局。
9.exercise (熟义:练习) n.锻炼
Doing crosswords gives the mind some exercise. 做字谜游戏能锻炼脑筋。
10.expect (熟义:期望,盼望)v.预计,估计
The weather turns out far better than we expected.天气比我们预料的要好。
11.exploit (熟义:利用或开发)v.剥削或利用
There are still child labour exploited in factories. 工厂里仍有受剥削的童工。
12.express (熟义:v.表达) adj. 高速的, 快速的
It was in that express way that the traffic accident happened.事故发生早高速公路上。
F
1.fail (熟义:v. 失败,不及格)v.不足,缺乏;忽略
Our water supply failed.我们供水不足了。
He never fails to write to his mother every month.他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。
2.fairly (熟义:adv. 相当) adv.公正地,公平地
You are not treating us fairly. 你对我们不公正.
3.far from (熟义:离……远) 远远不是
The show was far from a failure;it was a great success. 这个展览远远不是失败;而是十分成功的.
4.favor (熟义:n. 恩惠,善行) v. 支持,喜欢
Of the two possible plans I favor the first. 在这两种可行方案中我赞成前者。
5.fellow (熟义:小伙子,家伙) n. 同伴
Her fellows share her interest in computers. 她的同伴跟她一样对计算机感兴趣。
6.figure (熟义:n.数字;雕塑,人物) v.认为,想象
She figured that she would be next.她认为她可能就是下一个。
I couldn't figure out what he meant.我不明白他是什么意思。
7.fall (熟义:v. 掉落) n. 秋天;瀑布
His father passed away in the fall of 1970. 他父亲在1970年的秋季过世。
The falls upstream are full of salmons. 该瀑布上游有许多大马哈鱼。
8.fan (熟义:n. 扇子) n. 迷 .狂热者
The Chinese football fans are in great excitement. 中国足球粉丝很激动。
9.film (熟义:电影) 胶卷, 软片
He put a new film in his camera. 他在相机里装上新胶卷。
10.fine (熟义:adj.好的,晴朗的)v.&n.罚款
He was fined $200.他被罚了200美元。
11.fire (熟义:n. 火) v. 开除
He was fired for stealing from the counter. 他因从柜台偷钱而遭解雇。
12.firm (熟义:n. 公司) adj. 坚定的,牢固的
You must be firm where you think you are right. 你认为对的地方立场一定要坚定。
13.fit (熟义:v & adj 适合) adj. 健康的
He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day. 他每天跑五英里以保持身体健康。
14.fix (熟义:v. 安装,修理) v. 确定, 选定
Have you fixed a date for the wedding? 你们举行婚礼的日期确定了吗?
15.flat (熟义:n. 公寓,套房) adj. 平躺的, 平伸的, 扁平的
The earthquake laid the city flat. 地震把这座城市夷为平地。
16.flight (熟义:n. 飞行,航班) n. 一段楼梯或阶梯
There was no lift and we had to climb six flights. 没有电梯,我们得跑六段楼梯。
17.flood (熟义:n. 洪水) n.大量的东西;vt.大量而来,充满
I received a flood of letters this morning.今天早上我收到大量的信件。
18.follow (熟义:v. 跟随) v. 沿着(道路等)而行;按照,听从,效仿;明白
Follow this road until you get to the corner, then turn left. 沿着这条路走到拐角处,然后向左转。
Many students follow the latest fashions.很多学生喜欢赶时髦。
I couldn’t follow his argument at all. 我根本不明白他的论点。
19.for (熟义:prep. 目的,由于) conj. 因为,由于(表示一种补充说明的原因)
We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
他给我们带来了家里的消息,我们都迫不及待地听着。
20.for good 永远(勿望文生义)
She'll soon leave London for good.她将永远离开伦敦。
21.form (熟义:v.& n.形成,形式) v. 成立,创立,组织
The labour leader was asked to form a government. 要求工党领袖组织政府。
22.fortune (熟义:n. 财富) 运气
I had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip abroad. 我真幸运,被选中出国旅行。
23.free (熟义:adj. 自由的,有空的) adj & v. 没有,免交;远离
Most of the roads are free of snow.道路上的雪大部分都已化了。
24.freeze (熟义:冻结,冻冰) v.不许动,停止走动
Freeze!Drop your arms!不许动,放下武器!
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